The Han Dynasty Essays - Han Dynasty, 87 BC, Zhang Qian, Qin

The Han Dynasty The next dynasty to come into power in ancient China was the Han dynasty. Their first ruler was Liu Bang who began his rule in 207BC. He defeated the last leader of the Qin dynasty and declared himself ruler. He originally was the son of a peasant farmer so he understood what it was like to not have everything he wanted. He took this into consideration when forming the government of his new empire. They used same type of government as the Qin dynasty without the heavy taxes and harshness of rule. During this time it was equal to the famous Roman Empire. Wudi was the greatest leader of the Han Empire. He ruled from 141 BC to 87 BC. He is considered to be one of the greatest leaders in all the history of China. He would supervise all the areas of his government and make sure no one was treated badly. He also sent out his armies to conquer people from the north, in areas such as current day Korea and Manchuria. Wudi sent out parties of men to explore different parts of the world but there was one party that didn't come as scheduled. Zhang Qian arrived back at the kingdom in 126 BC, thirteen years after his departure. Most of his army was dead and he had been in prison for the last ten years. During his adventure he discovered the Rome Empire and described this to Wudi. It was the first time they even thought that there was another civilization as advanced as them. This sparked an interest in Wudi, which caused him to make a trade route to the east. This route was called the Silk Road; it traveled through mountains, deserts, and other treacherous terrain. They traded their silk for glassware, wool, and other fabrics. Wudi created a system to deal with bad harvest years and food shortages. During years when there was extra food it was stored in large food bunkers for later use. Wudi was a grand leader and showed that by the way he ran his dynasty. Bibliography None History Essays

Important Tips For Writing A Reflective Essay Sample About Research Process

Important Tips For Writing A Reflective Essay Sample About Research ProcessA reflective essay sample about research process would help you analyze the type of project you are about to start and that of your findings might lead to a paper. There are usually steps that need to be followed while you are conducting research so that it will go well and come out successful. These steps will also help you understand how your first-year research paper is going to end up. You should also know how to plan a successful research as this will also help you create an effective piece of academic writing.First, you have to think about the topic of your first-year research paper. This is one of the most important things that you need to consider. Based on the topic, you can choose the format in which you would like to have your paper written. A reflective essay sample about research process will help you determine whether or not a reflection is suitable for the topic of your research paper. You shoul d also take note of the target audience for your research and the style that they are more used to reading.In addition, you need to assess how much time you have in writing a research paper. If you think that you have limited time, then you may want to work on writing a reflection on an essay that you have already started working on. You may want to just write an outline and then write a brief summary on the topic that you want to focus on. This will allow you to put all of your thoughts and ideas in one place so that you do not have to sift through all of them on your own.Writing this type of essay would require you to spend some time writing a reflective article. You should then set goals for yourself before you start on writing this type of paper. You can keep these goals in mind, so that you will know what to expect. You should also consider the type of conclusion that you would like to have when you are done with your reflective essay.The next thing that you should consider bef ore you write a reflective essay sample about the research process is the type of paper that you want to write. If you want to create a paper that is intended for a certain group of people, then you should keep this in mind. For example, if you want to create a paper for a school's diversity department, then you should write a paper that is intended for this group.When you are done with this type of reflective essay sample, you can now move onto the problem of how to write the paper. This will require you to consider the materials that you need to use to start off with. For this, you can purchase or create a thesis statement. You can also have a list of questions that you would like to have answered before you start the paper. You can also have a list of references that you would like to include to make your paper stand out.Lastly, you should be careful with your writing skills when you are doing this type of reflective essay sample. You can either use the help of a friend or collea gue or you can be self-conscious. You can also use a spell checker to check your writing. This is a great idea if you are the type of person who cannot seem to write well.By using this kind of writing sample, you can avoid some of the problems that students face when they begin to write their first-year research paper. You should also be able to avoid some of the mistakes that other students make when they have to rewrite their first-year research paper.

Free Essays on Twenty Five Years

Looking Back On My Last Fifteen Years Of Marriage Fifteen year sounds tike such along time, but when I look back, it has gone so quickly. I remember that first year of marriage like it was yesterday. That first apartment, first years of marriage, first set of bills and first babies. Everything was so new, and such an untouched area that I would ever know. Those first couple years were hard. It was hard to learn how to live with another person, to deal with my partners emotions, learning how to share, communicate and just being with the same person twenty four hours a day seven days a week. It was hard to remember that there was someone else I had to think about other than myself. The biggest thing was money. How are we going to pay all of the bills? But we soon learned how to figure all of that. We found out very quickly that we had to make priorities, and some sacrifices. Never before did we have to worry about things life health insurance, life insurance, rent, gas bills, college loans and groceries. We soon figured that out, learning that we could not go out to eat at the drop of hat and learning how to plan for things. We got married our last semester of college. We still were in our dream world. Living in married housing rent, was cheap and life was good. We had planned on finishing up college and then we would leave. We would pick a place on the map and start out our life together as an adventure, just the two of us. That changed very quickly when we found out shortly after that wedding night, we were going to have a baby. This was not in the plan, it changed everything. Now we needed to get serious, we felt that we needed to plant our feet somewhere, we needed to get serious. We now were going to be a true family. We soon rented our first apartment, after married housing. I got my first real job, and a first real paycheck. We soon got our first bill for our scho... Free Essays on Twenty Five Years Free Essays on Twenty Five Years Looking Back On My Last Fifteen Years Of Marriage Fifteen year sounds tike such along time, but when I look back, it has gone so quickly. I remember that first year of marriage like it was yesterday. That first apartment, first years of marriage, first set of bills and first babies. Everything was so new, and such an untouched area that I would ever know. Those first couple years were hard. It was hard to learn how to live with another person, to deal with my partners emotions, learning how to share, communicate and just being with the same person twenty four hours a day seven days a week. It was hard to remember that there was someone else I had to think about other than myself. The biggest thing was money. How are we going to pay all of the bills? But we soon learned how to figure all of that. We found out very quickly that we had to make priorities, and some sacrifices. Never before did we have to worry about things life health insurance, life insurance, rent, gas bills, college loans and groceries. We soon figured that out, learning that we could not go out to eat at the drop of hat and learning how to plan for things. We got married our last semester of college. We still were in our dream world. Living in married housing rent, was cheap and life was good. We had planned on finishing up college and then we would leave. We would pick a place on the map and start out our life together as an adventure, just the two of us. That changed very quickly when we found out shortly after that wedding night, we were going to have a baby. This was not in the plan, it changed everything. Now we needed to get serious, we felt that we needed to plant our feet somewhere, we needed to get serious. We now were going to be a true family. We soon rented our first apartment, after married housing. I got my first real job, and a first real paycheck. We soon got our first bill for our scho...

How to Ace the SAT 6 Expert Tips and Strategies

How to Ace the SAT 6 Expert Tips and Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you want a top SAT score, you need more than a desire to succeed. Determination and hard work are two vital ingredients for acing the SAT, but also you need to use effective study strategies to help you reach your goal. I've helped hundreds of students prepare for the SAT, and I know the best methods to utilize to conquer this exam. In this article, I'll explain exactly howto ace the SAT, includinghow long you need to study, the best SAT prep strategies, and key test-taking tips. What Is Acing the SAT? For the purposes of this article, acing the SAT refers to getting a score over a 1400. Getting this score will make you competitive for admission to the vast majority of colleges, and based on past results, if you get a score higher than 1400, you’ll likely score better than 95% of students who take the SAT. To get this score, you’ll only be able to miss a handful of questions on each section. However, for the most selective colleges, you may need a score of 1550 or higher for your SAT score to help your chances of getting in. Depending on your college goals, figure out your target score and what a good score would be for you. Regardless of whether you’re aiming for a 1400 or a 1600, if you follow the advice in this article, you’ll be on the path to success. If you’re striving for a 1000-1300, you may want to focus on our posts about improving your Math, Reading, and Writing scores. How Long Do You Need to Study to Ace the SAT? Often, this is one of the first questions students want to know. Primarily, the answer depends on your starting point and your target score. How much you need to improve will determine how much you need to study to achieve your goal. If you haven’t taken the SAT yet, take an official practice test simulating real testing conditions to determine where you’re at and how much you need to improve. Here’s a rough estimate of how long you’ll have to study based on how many points you need to reach your goal: 0-30 point improvement: 10 hours 30-70 point improvement: 20 hours 70-130 point improvement: 40 hours 130-200 point improvement: 80 hours 200-330 point improvement: 150 hours + Know how long you need to study. Acing the SAT: Best Ways to Study You don’t just need to put in the necessary hours to ace the SAT; you need to study efficiently. Regardless of whether you’re using test prep books, you have a tutor, or you take an SAT prep class, you should be incorporating these practices into your SAT studying. #1: Use Official Practice Questions The best questions to study from are those that will most closely resemble the questions that appear on the SAT. The SAT is unlike tests you've taken in school, and its format is unique. The more comfortable you get with correctly answering the types of questions that will be on the SAT, the better you're likely to do on the test. A huge flaw of many test prep books is that their practice questions are either much harder or much easier than those you’ll find on the SAT. Also, some books present questions in a different format than that of the SAT. Instead of relying on those sources to prepare, you should focus on studying with official practice problems. The best study resources are official practice tests provided by the College Board. Also, Khan Academy has partnered with the College Board and provides additional official practice questions. Furthermore, the official PSAT practice test has quality practice questions. If you’re looking for an online prep program, the PrepScholar SAT prep program has thousands of realistic practice questions created by SAT experts. Use real SAT questions in your prep. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! #2: Focus on Your Weaknesses and Analyze Your Mistakes You’ll make the best use of your study time by focusing on why you’re missing questions and trying to improve your weaknesses. If you just do a ton of practice questions, but you don’t stop to figure out why you’re getting questions wrong, your score won’t improve much. If you want to ace the SAT, you’ll have little room for error. You’ll want to understand every type of question and be able to finish each section in the allotted time. For every practice test or question set you do, mark each question that you’re even 20% unsure about. Then, when you’re reviewing, thoroughly examine each question you got incorrect or guessed on. Make sure you understand how to correctly answer the question and what you didn’t grasp or did wrong. Keep track of all of these questions with specific notes about what you need to improve. Figure out exactly why you got questions wrong. Be as specific as possible. These are the major areas you might need to improve. Content Again, to ace the SAT, you need to thoroughly understand all of the common topics that are tested on the SAT. The SAT tests you on a number of concepts related to reading, writing, and math. By identifying the specific types of questions you get wrong, you can identify the topics you need to learn better. For example, on Math, you may notice that you’re missing questions related to quadratic functions. On Writing, you may be having difficulty with questions that deal with sentence and paragraph order. Once you diagnose your content weaknesses, study the content. We have articles on this blog related to every type of question. Once you’ve become more familiar with the content, do a ton of related practice questions and understand how to correctly answer each practice question. Know where you're weak. Time Even if you understand SAT content and how to do each question, you may struggle finishing sections in the allotted time. If you're finishing sections with more than five minutes remaining and making careless mistakes, then you're rushing. If you’re rushing, all you may have to do is slow down and read the questions more carefully. If you’re having trouble finishing questions on time, monitor your time spent per question during your practice. Also, you may increase your speed as you improve your content knowledge. Finally, you may be able to better your time management by adopting quality test-taking strategies. For Reading and Writing, you need to figure out the most efficient way for you to read the passages to maximize your score. Drill your approach in your test prep so that you’re comfortable with it. For Math, memorize all formulas you may need to know. Strategy Some students are comfortable with the content and don’t have issues with time management, but they’re still missing questions. Usually, this occurs because of a lack of understanding of SAT strategy. If you succumb to common SAT tricks, then you likely need to improve your knowledge of SAT strategy. For example, if you know the grammar rules that are tested on SAT Writing but you’re missing questions because you’re not reading the whole sentence, you need to work on your SAT strategy. Strategy errors occur when you understand the content that’s being tested, but you need to improve your approach or understanding of the questions. Acing the SAT: Top Test-Taking Tips Following these tips will help you avoid strategy errors and enable you to correctly answer questions more quickly and efficiently. Make sure to use these tips when taking practice tests so they become a regular habit for you. #1: Answer Every Question Before the redesigned SAT was introduced in March 2016, incorrect answers were penalized. Now, there's no penalty for incorrect answers, so it's in your best interest to answer every single question. Even if you have no clue, you should guess, since you have a 25% chance of randomly picking the correct answer on the multiple choice questions. This is also why it's important to have good time management to ensure that you're able to complete each section and have an opportunity to answer all of the questions. If you're running out of time and know you won't get to the end of the section, you should still fill in random bubbles to give yourself a chance at getting extra right answers. #2: Underline Key Words in the Questions Regardless of the section, underlining key words can help you make sure you know what the question is asking and avoid careless mistakes. For example, in Math, you can check to see if you should be solving for x or y. In Writing, you can ensure if a question is asking you whether a sentence should be added or deleted. #3: Eliminate Wrong Answers While this strategy may sound obvious, it’s important to use, especially if you’re not immediately 100% certain of the right answer. In Reading and Writing, there may be answer choices that seem plausible, but if anything about the answer choice isn’t correct, it must be eliminated. Similarly, in Math, if you have a rough estimate of the correct answer, you can eliminate any answer that isn’t close to your estimate. Or if you know the answer is positive, you can eliminate any answer that’s a negative number. Eliminating wrong answers will increase your chances of getting questions right and help you arrive at the correct answer. #4: Finish With Extra Time to Recheck Your Work You should try to finish each section with roughly 5 minutes remaining. During the remaining time, check any questions you were unsure of. I recommend marking any questions you’re uncertain about while you’re taking the test. Double check how you got your answer. Once you feel confident in your answer, go to the next question. If you’re still unsure, stick with your initial guess and go to the next question. After looking over questions you were unsure of, check that you did all your bubbling correctly. Inspect your answers Final Advice: How to Ace the SAT Acing the SAT isn’t easy, but it’s possible with enough diligence and a good plan. If you need help with organization, motivation, or test-taking strategies, you may benefit with the help of a tutor, in-person class, or online program like PrepScholar. For thorough explanation and more detailed instructions for acing the SAT, you may want to read our articles for how to get a perfect SAT score, and how to get a perfect score in Reading, Math, and Writing. What's Next? If you want to ace the SAT but you're busy with your academics, learn how to balance your test prep with school. When you're taking your practice tests, make sure you avoid these things to help best prepare yourself for the SAT. Looking for a good SAT prep book? We have a guide onthe best SAT prep booksto use in your studying. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also feature thousands of practice questions, official SAT practice tests, and personal feedback on your essays from an expert instructor. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Ratio Analysis Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ratio Analysis - Math Problem Example Ratio analysis further simplifies the information and allows for a longitudinal and cross sectional analysis of an organization’s performance. I, in this paper, perform ratio analysis of IBM financial statements for the accounting period ending in the years 2010, 2011, and 2012, and discuss the computed ratios. Accounting ratios Ratio analysis compares different income statement and balance sheet items to determine liquidity, advantage, activity, profitability, and growth potentials. The following is a summary of applied formulae for computing different ratios. ... The following table summarizes major ratios for the company over the three accounting periods based on the above formulae. Table 1: Computed ratios for IBM for the years ended 2010, 2011, and 2012 Ratio 2010 2011 2012 Current ratio 1.18623342 1.2090307 1.13313467 Quick ratio 0.52857354 1.02281414 0.98846991 Debt to total assets ratio 0.79574622 0.82620048 0.84075562 Debt to equity ratio 3.91733923 4.77688946 5.31436903 Long term debt to equity ratio 0.94793023 1.13501837 1.27720042 Times interest earned 52.5951087 50.0997567 46.7167756 Inventory turnover 21.982449 22.5220151 22.2077018 Fixed assets turnover 1.52856006 1.52461644 1.49766409 Total assets turnover 0.88028417 0.85774652 0.87664097 Gross profit margin 46.07% 46.89% 48.13% Operating profit margin 18.17% 18.97% 19.56% Net profit margin 14.85% 14.83% 15.89 Return on assets 17.06% 17.69% 17.99% Return on share holder’s equity 83.98% 102.25% 113.70% (Data source: IBM annual reports for the years 2010 and 2011) Discussio n The company enjoys high liquidity ratios and this indicates its ability to meet its short-term objectives. Its current ratios are good and indicate stability as they fluctuate above one over the three years. Even though the acid-test ratio was low in the year 2010, it improved in 2011 and the slight decrease in 2012 does not induce much threat. IBM however has significantly high ‘leverage’ ratios and this indicates its vulnerability to risks of credit capital. Even though the debt to total equity ratio is bellow 1, its increasing trend over the three years indicate that it will soon reach and even surpass one, a factors that will further expose the organization to sustainability risks. Long-term debt to equity ratio was fair in the year 2010 but also has an

Hospitality Facilities Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hospitality Facilities Management - Essay Example As mentioned above, construction methods and materials greatly affect the environment, however, as a result of ongoing research in building technology and resulting breakthroughs have enabled Hotel industry to bring environment friendly buildings. Resort amenities too, are becoming more ‘environment friendly.’ For example, Golf resorts are using non chemical pesticides for its golf courses. A number of them are using golf carts powered by alternative energy sources. Awareness as to how to protect the natural environment is on the rise and more and more hotels are becoming environment friendly or ‘Green.’ An increasing number of hotels are taking measures like creating services or products that help guests with the problems emanating from the environment for example treated rooms for chemically sensitive or allergy prone people. Also, selecting suppliers with good reputation and established standards for helping environmental preservation. Hotel and Resort brands the world over are developing service concepts that can be called ‘green.’ Asian hotels are taking a lead in developing green services and products and branding them as environment friendly. In the Caribbean, the lodging sector is leading the world in number of certified environment friendly hotels. New models of niche luxury ecotourism resorts are being developed emanating from the Maho Bay camp in St.John in the Caribbean, which is supposedly world’s first ‘eco tourist resort.’

How the Cultural Revolution Affected Beijing Opera

How the Cultural Revolution Affected Beijing Opera Beijing opera is a longstanding tradition in Chinese culture. It has been celebrated for many years, between high and low classes alike. It is intricate and specific. It has wrestled its way through reform and still retains its traditional values. Many people and parties have fought for control of it and many have succeeded. During Chinas Cultural Revolution, all arts suffered in their own ways, and Beijing opera is not among the least of them. What is Beijing opera? It is a form of Chinese musical theatre that incorporates song, acting, bright and intricate costume and difficult acrobatics. Nancy Guy claims that it is one of the most highly developed and best known of Chinese opera forms both in China and abroad. The city of Beijing is called Peking by most natives of the country; therefore Beijing opera also is called Peking opera by some people. The official Chinese name, however, is Jingju, literally meaning city opera. The orchestra is split into two sections, the stringed and the percussive instruments. In addition to the orchestra, vocalists perform. In fact, vocals are the most important part of jingju. Frederick Lau explains in Music in China that there are four voice types and therefore four characters. The characters, which indicate age and social status, are young female (dan), young male (sheng), painted face (jing), and clown or comic character (chou). In addition to the facial makeup and costumes, each stock character is characterized by one vocal style and is identified by timbre, voice quality, volume, and manner of enunciation. (73) The actors work on their role their entire lives and are greatly respected for what they do because the level of artistry is very high and specific. Jingju had to evolve into that respect, though. It did not start with a great reputation within the palace. Chinese opera started out in troupes of people that would get together and perform for birthdays, which was a big tradition (Guy). In 1790, many troupes were called to the capital to perform for the Qianlong Emperors 80th birthday. Guy states that among the theatrical participants were troupes from Anhui province in central-eastern China, who specialized in the performance of the xipi and erhuang music. These are the core of Jingju. Historians believe that never before had these styles been heard together, and so have decided that 1790 is the year the Beijing opera began. Soon after, in 1798, it was officially banned (Guy). However, the new opera prospered in Beijing. (Guy). Until 1860, Beijing opera was looked down upon as vulgar entertainment by imperials. Even so, in this year two opera companies performed for the Xianfeng Emperors 30th birthday. Again in 1884 another troupe performed for the dowager empress Cixis 50th birthday (Guy). This kick-started a good several years for Beijing opera, for from 1884 to 1910 several performances were enjoyed at the palace, and some actors even took up residence at court, where they taught and performed (Guy). If it were not for the imperials shameless love of jingju, it might not have become as popular and widely practiced as it did. Instead of just farmers entertainment, it had been raised up through the classes. In the early 1900s, Beijing opera experienced a golden age, with the art form being one of the most pervasive and popular types of entertainment in Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the work of actors, musicians and librettists of the early republican period remain unsurpassed in terms of volume, innovation and longevity (Guy). After it became so popular, jingju was very important to many people in many different ways. Social activistsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ viewed it as a potentially powerful vehicle for social and political change (Guy). The first attempt at government-organized change within Beijing opera was the Beijing Opera Reform Movement which had much power between 1908 and 1917. Activists believed that the theatre served as a classroom for the largely illiterate masses and that the most expedient way to achieve broad social change was through opera (Guy). This led to many changes within opera, such as gender equality and modernization of sets, costumes and general substance. In 1949 the Republic of China became the Peoples Republic of China, or PRC. Attempts at reform became much stronger at this point because everyone wanted to follow Mao Zedongs way. Many people were added to the production of operas, giving actors much less control over their art (Wichmann-Walczak 96). Mao saw all art as representing interests of a particular class and demanded that Beijing opera should serve the workers, peasants and soldiersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ art should be explicit propaganda for the revolution and should help to convert the masses to socialism (Guy). Western artists were brought in to help change jingju and to make it more scientific. The Chinese government even went so far as to change the scripts to emphasize patriotism, democracy and equality between the sexes (Guy). In certain ways this helped the popularity of Beijing opera and it gained much more respect from most people. This did not last for long. During the ten-year catastrophe, as the devastating Cultural Revolution of autumn 1966 through autumn 1976 is usually now identified by people in the PRC, Chinas performing arts suffered considerably (Yang 90). The arts were then completely controlled by the government and the actors no longer had any control or say of what was to become of them. According to Daniel Yang, all traditional plays were banned and a great many talented artists died (92). If famous actors were not killed, they were publicly shamed and some were also forced into retirement (94). The only music that was allowed to be performed during the Cultural Revolution was called yangbanxi, or model opera, the themes of which were contemporary and revolutionary, with realistic staging and costumes (Guy). Mao Zedongs wife, Jiang Qing, rewrote many of the operas using contemporary themes and her own interpretation of the communist ideology (Lau 137). It is believed that she is one that thought of model operas and that she pushed for these reformed, rewritten operas to be the only ones that were acceptable to be performed. The subject of the yangbanxi was highly political and again directed towards those who were uneducated. It was meant as another form of brainwash into the communist idea and the reign of Mao Zedong. Most of them portray the party as the benefactor of all oppressed people (Lau 137) and as someone the people can have peace of mind around and not be afraid of. The party is there for the people. Not only was the subject matter changed, but the musical style changed as well. There were many more Western instruments and instead of a small group of musicians entire orchestras were performing. There are far fewer percussive sections, which were usually attributed to fight scenes. Even the singing was westernized, following bel canto style. Ironically, Western instruments were banned during this time, yet were allowed to be performed because the music was based on model operas' (Lau 137-138). The end of the decade-long Cultural Revolution in 1976 marked the end of model opera. People attributed it with political turmoil and unrest. Traditional jingju made its way back to the theatres and is now regularly practiced, but much damage has been done. During that decade many actors died, retired, or simply lost the touch of their art because of the lack of ability to practice it. Yang claims that there are still plenty of older actors that made it through the Cultural Revolution and are still performing today (94) and that even though traditional Beijing opera has been greatly damaged, traditional theatre in contemporary China is still thriving (95). Operas are being reformed again, but this time simply to appeal to modern audiences and not in an attempt to control the content that is getting out to the public. For instance, for intellectual urban audiences, plays with daring political and philosophical themes are staged with imagistic rather than realistic scenery and original , historically-based costumes, extraordinary classic-based scores, and innovative instrumentation (Wichmann-Walczak 108). Modern jingju still holds 200 years of tradition and is blossoming in its recovery from the Cultural Revolution. Many older operas are being performed, some in pure traditional style and some with modern twists. Considering every reform that Beijing opera has been through, one might be surprised at how much of the originality is still retained.